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<title><![CDATA[残の泪’s Blog  CISCO  CCNA CCNP CCIE CCSP CCIP CCDA CCDP CCDE]]></title> 
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<description><![CDATA[残の泪’s Blog CISCO  CCNA CCNP CCIE CCSP CCIP CCDA CCDP CCDE 路由 交换 防火墙 Router switch PIX ASA]]></description> 
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<copyright><![CDATA[残の泪’s Blog  CISCO  CCNA CCNP CCIE CCSP CCIP CCDA CCDP CCDE]]></copyright>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?166</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]十二:单臂路由]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2008 01:40:52 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?166</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="color: #FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[CCNA实验报告]十二:单臂路由</span></span><br/><br/>VLAN间路由---单臂路由<br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:了解VLAN间路由<br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=178" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=178" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>先在路由器上起逻辑接口,先设置封装协议802.1Q,设置在VALN2和VLAN3<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=179" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=179" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=180" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=180" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>然后在交换机上配置VLAN和TRUNK链路,并把接口设置进VLAN<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=181" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=181" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=182" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=182" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=183" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=183" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>最后把2台PC的网关分别设置为路由器上配置的逻辑接口<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=184" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=184" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=185" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=185" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>最后使用PC1pingPC2进行测试<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=186" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=186" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%258D%2595%25E8%2587%2582%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E7%2594%25B1" rel="tag">单臂路由</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=vlan%25E9%2597%25B4%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E7%2594%25B1" rel="tag">vlan间路由</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%25B0%2581%25E8%25A3%2585" rel="tag">封装</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%258D%258F%25E8%25AE%25AE" rel="tag">协议</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C" rel="tag">实验</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=trunk" rel="tag">trunk</a>
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</description>
</item><item>
<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?165</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]十一:OSPF协议的AS间汇总]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2008 04:31:46 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?165</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="color: #FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[CCNA实验报告]十一:OSPF协议的AS间汇总</span></span><br/><br/>OSPF协议的AS间汇总<br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:学习AS手工汇总 <br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑：<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=170" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=170" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>首先在R1上宣告<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=171" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=171" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>然后在R2上宣告<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=172" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=172" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>R3的192.168.3.0使用RIPV2宣告，并关闭自动汇总<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=173" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=173" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>R4上使用RIPV2宣告<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=174" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=174" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>然后在R3上把外部路径引近来<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=175" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=175" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>结果，查看R1的路由表<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=176" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=176" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>R3上会自动生成一条指向空接口<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=177" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=177" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%25AE%25A3%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">宣告</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E6%25B1%2587%25E6%2580%25BB" rel="tag">汇总</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=as" rel="tag">as</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ospf" rel="tag">ospf</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a>
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</description>
</item><item>
<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?164</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]十:OSPF协议的手工汇总]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2008 04:24:13 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?164</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="color: #FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[CCNA实验报告]十:OSPF协议的手工汇总</span></span><br/><br/>OSPF协议的手工汇总<br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:手工汇总 <br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑：<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=163" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=163" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>首先在R1宣告<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=164" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=164" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>R2上同样宣告<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=165" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=165" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>R3上一样<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=166" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=166" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>然后查看R3上的路由表<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=167" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=167" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>由于OSPF的汇总要在ABR上做，所以在R2上<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=168" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=168" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>结果，查看R3的路由表<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=169" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=169" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=abr" rel="tag">abr</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ospf" rel="tag">ospf</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E6%25B1%2587%25E6%2580%25BB" rel="tag">汇总</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?163</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]九:OSPF协议的NSSA]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2008 04:16:45 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?163</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="color: #FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[CCNA实验报告]九:OSPF协议的NSSA</span></span><br/><br/>OSPF协议的NSSA<br/><br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:了解OSPF的区域概念<br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=162" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=162" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>步骤一：配置路由器R1<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=159" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=159" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>步骤二：配置路由器R2<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=159" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=159" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>步骤三：配置路由器R3, 将RIP重分布进OSPF区域, 将OSPF重分布进RIP中<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=160" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=160" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>步骤四：配置路由器R4<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=161" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=161" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>结果测试<br/>R1(config-router)#<br/>*Jan 15 13:42:10.527: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 110, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial2/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done<br/>R1(config-router)#do sh ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is not set<br/><br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O IA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 192.168.12.2, 00:02:07, Serial2/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O IA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.3.3.3 [110/129] via 192.168.12.2, 00:01:09, Serial2/1<br/>O IA 192.168.23.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.12.2, 00:02:07, Serial2/1<br/>//以上路由表说明区域间的路由可以进入到NSSA区域的；但是在路由表中并没有出现在R3上把RIP重分布进来的路由，因此，说明LSA类型为5的外部路由不能在NSSA区域中传播，ABR也没能力把类型5的LSA转成7的LSA<br/><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ospf" rel="tag">ospf</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=nssa" rel="tag">nssa</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%258C%25BA%25E5%259F%259F" rel="tag">区域</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?162</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]八:OSPF末节区域]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2008 08:38:59 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?162</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #FF0000;">[CCNA实验报告]八:OSPF末节区域</span></span><br/><br/>[CCNA实验报告]八:OSPF末节区域<br/><br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:了解OSPF的区域类型<br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=149" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=149" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>先在R1上宣告直连网络<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=150" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=150" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>然后在R2上同样的宣告<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=151" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=151" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>R3是ASBR，所以要引进外部路径引<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=152" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=152" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=153" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=153" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>查看R1的路由表，学到了外部路径<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=154" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=154" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>由于R1和R2在一个区域内，所以2个都要改成末节区域<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=155" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=155" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=156" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=156" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>再查看R1的路由表，由于末节区域的属性是能接受区域内路径，不接受外部路径<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=157" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=157" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>所以这里自动产生一条默认路由<br/><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=asbr" rel="tag">asbr</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%25AE%25A3%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">宣告</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E6%259C%25AB%25E8%258A%2582%25E5%258C%25BA%25E5%259F%259F" rel="tag">末节区域</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%25B1%259E%25E6%2580%25A7" rel="tag">属性</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?161</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]七:OSPF的网络类型]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2008 08:28:21 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?161</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="color: #FF0000;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">[CCNA实验报告]七:OSPF的网络类型</span></span><br/><br/>[CCNA实验报告]七:OSPF的网络类型<br/><br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:了解OSPF的网络类型<br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=140" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=140" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>点到点类型<br/>首先在R1上宣告所有直连网段,修改router-id为1.1.1.1<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=141" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=141" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>然后在R2上同样宣告所有直连网段,修改router-id为2.2.2.2<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=142" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=142" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>结果<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=143" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=143" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>//进程ID为1991,Router ID为1.1.1.1,网络类型为point-to-point<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=144" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=144" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>//由于是点到点链路所以不用选DR/BDR<br/><br/>广播类型<br/>把R1和R2的S1/0接口的网络类型改成broadcast<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=145" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=145" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>再查看接口的网络类型<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=146" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=146" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>//进程ID为1991,Router ID为1.1.1.1,网络类型为BROADCAST<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=147" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=147" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=148" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=148" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>默认的情况下是不会进行DR选举,再改变成广播网络类型后,选举了DR<br/><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ospf" rel="tag">ospf</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=dr" rel="tag">dr</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=bdr" rel="tag">bdr</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a>
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</description>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?160</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]六:DRBDR的选举过程]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2008 08:23:05 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?160</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #FF0000;">[CCNA实验报告]六:DRBDR的选举过程</span></span><br/><br/>[CCNA实验报告]六:DRBDR的选举过程<br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:了解DR/BDR的选举建立过程<br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=138" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=138" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>R1上配置ospf，并使用debug跟踪邻居建立过程<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=139" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=139" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>由于R2和R3没有开启OSPF,所以DR会是R1自己BDR为空<br/><br/>然后在R2上起OSPF,并使用debug跟踪OSPF的相关信息<br/>R2#debug ip ospf events <br/>OSPF events debugging is on<br/>R2#config t<br/>Enter configuration commands, one per line.&nbsp;&nbsp;End with CNTL/Z.<br/>R2(config)#router ospf 64<br/>R2(config-router)#net 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0 area 0<br/><br/>00:15:21: OSPF: Interface FastEthernet0/0 going Up<br/>*Oct 15 00:40:31.803: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on FastEthernet0/0 from 192.168.0.2&nbsp;&nbsp;//从F0/0接口向0区域以组播的方式发送hello包，组播地址224.0.0.5 <br/>00:15:25: OSPF: Rcv hello from 192.168.0.1 area 0 from FastEthernet0/0 192.168.0.1<br/>00:15:25: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 192.168.0.1 on FastEthernet0/0, state 2WAY<br/>// R2收到R1的hello确认包，R1和R2进入双向通信 two-way 状态<br/>00:15:25: OSPF: Send DBD to 192.168.0.1 on FastEthernet0/0 seq 0x4269 opt 0x00 flag 0x7 len 32<br/>00:15:25: OSPF: End of hello processing<br/>00:15:25: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface FastEthernet0/0<br/>00:15:25: OSPF: DR/BDR election on FastEthernet0/0<br/>00:15:25: OSPF: Elect BDR 192.168.0.2<br/>00:15:25: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.0.1<br/>00:15:25:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DR: 192.168.0.1 (Id)&nbsp;&nbsp; BDR: 192.168.0.2 (Id)<br/>//因为R1已经选举成为DR，所以R2成为DBR<br/><br/>然后在 R3上配置ospf：<br/>R3(config)#router ospf 64<br/>R3(config-router)#network 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0 area 0<br/>R3(config-router)#exit<br/>R3#show ip ospf interface<br/>FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Internet Address 192.168.0.3/24, Area 0 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Process ID 64, Router ID 192.168.0.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 1<br/>//由于DR和BDR都已经选举完成,所以R3的状态是DROTHER,优先级为1<br/>DR和BDR选举完成后,新加入的路由器不会进行选举<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Designated Router (ID) 192.168.0.2, Interface address 192.168.0.2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.0.1, Interface address 192.168.0.1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oob-resync timeout 40<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello due in 00:00:08<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Index 1/1, flood queue length 0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.0.1&nbsp;&nbsp;(Backup Designated Router)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.0.2&nbsp;&nbsp;(Designated Router)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)<br/><br/>在R1、R2、R3上刷新ospf进程，可以看到 R3成为DR：<br/>R3#show ip ospf int<br/>FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Internet Address 192.168.0.3/24, Area 0 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Process ID 64, Router ID 192.168.0.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Designated Router (ID) 192.168.0.3, Interface address 192.168.0.3<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.0.2, Interface address 192.168.0.2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oob-resync timeout 40<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello due in 00:00:08<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Index 1/1, flood queue length 0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 4 msec<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.0.1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.0.2&nbsp;&nbsp;(Backup Designated Router)<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)<br/><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ospf" rel="tag">ospf</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=hello" rel="tag">hello</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=dr" rel="tag">dr</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=bdr" rel="tag">bdr</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?159</link>
<title><![CDATA[[CCNA实验报告]五:OSPF单区域基本配置]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2008 08:18:46 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?159</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #FF0000;">[CCNA实验报告]五:OSPF单区域基本配置</span></span><br/>一、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验目的:了解OSPF的基本配置<br/>二、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验拓扑<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=132" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=132" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>三、&nbsp;&nbsp;实验步骤<br/>首先在R1上起OSPF协议,进程号为1991,并宣告R1的直连网络,区域为0<br/>注意:进程号可以不同,区域一定要相同<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=133" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=133" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>然后在R2上同样起OSPF协议, 进程号为1991,并宣告R1的直连网络,区域为0<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=134" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=134" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>最后在R3上同样起OSPF协议, 进程号为1991,并宣告R1的直连网络,区域为0<br/> <a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=135" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=135" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>最后进行测试,查看R1和R3的路由表<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=136" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=136" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=137" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=137" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ospf" rel="tag">ospf</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%258C%25BA%25E5%259F%259F" rel="tag">区域</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ccna%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C%25E6%258A%25A5%25E5%2591%258A" rel="tag">ccna实验报告</a>
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</description>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?158</link>
<title><![CDATA[OSPF的NSSA区域]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2008 23:42:24 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?158</guid> 
<description>
<![CDATA[ 
	实验目的：不完全末梢区域能过滤3类，4类LSA。会将5类LSA以7类LSA的形式通告出去。<br/>基本配置：将2.2.2.2，3.3.3.3，4.4.4.4,5.5.5.5全部redistribute进路由表内<br/>拓扑图<br/><a href="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=131" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.canlei.com/attachment.php?fid=131" class="insertimage" alt="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" title="点击在新窗口中浏览此图片" border="0"/></a><br/>正常配置后的路由表如下表：<br/><br/>r1#<br/>r1#<br/>r1#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is not set<br/><br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.2.2.2 [110/20] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:27, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.3.3.3 [110/20] via 192.168.13.3, 00:00:27, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4.4.4 [110/20] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:27, Ethernet0/0<br/>O E2 192.168.24.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:27, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.5.5.5 [110/20] via 192.168.13.3, 00:00:27, Ethernet0/2<br/>O IA 192.168.35.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.13.3, 00:00:28, Ethernet0/2<br/>r1#<br/><br/><br/>r2#<br/>r2#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is not set<br/><br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.1.1.1 [110/20] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:55, Ethernet0/0<br/>O IA 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:55, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.3.3.3 [110/20] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:55, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.4.4.4 [120/1] via 192.168.24.4, 00:00:05, Ethernet0/1<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.5.5.5 [110/20] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:55, Ethernet0/0<br/>O IA 192.168.35.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:56, Ethernet0/0<br/>r2#<br/><br/><br/>r3#<br/>r3#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is not set<br/><br/>O IA 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:34, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.1.1.1 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:29, Ethernet0/2<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.2.2.2 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:29, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4.4.4 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:29, Ethernet0/2<br/>O E2 192.168.24.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:29, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.5.5.5 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5, 00:00:29, Ethernet0/3<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/3<br/>r3#<br/><br/><br/>r4#<br/>r4#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is not set<br/><br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.12.0/24 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.1.1.1 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:18, Ethernet0/1<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.13.0/24 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:18, Ethernet0/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.3.3.3 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:18, Ethernet0/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.5.5.5 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:18, Ethernet0/1<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.35.0/24 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:18, Ethernet0/1<br/>r4#<br/><br/>将Area 1配置成NSSA区域：<br/><br/>r1#<br/>r1(config)#router ospf 100<br/>r1(config-router)#area 1 nssa no-summary<br/>r1#<br/><br/><br/>r2#<br/>r2(config)#router ospf 100<br/>r2(config-router)#area 1 nssa<br/>r2#<br/><br/>此时查看各个路由器的路由表：<br/><br/>r1#<br/>r1#<br/>r1#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is not set<br/><br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O N2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.2.2.2 [110/20] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.3.3.3 [110/20] via 192.168.13.3, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O N2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4.4.4 [110/20] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/0<br/>O N2 192.168.24.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.5.5.5 [110/20] via 192.168.13.3, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/2<br/>O IA 192.168.35.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.13.3, 00:00:21, Ethernet0/2<br/>r1#<br/><br/><br/>r2#<br/>r2#<br/>r2#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is 192.168.12.1 to network 0.0.0.0<br/><br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O N2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.1.1.1 [110/20] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.4.4.4 [120/1] via 192.168.24.4, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/1<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1<br/>O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/0<br/>r2#<br/><br/><br/>r3#<br/>r3#<br/>r3#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is not set<br/><br/>O IA 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:02:38, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.1.1.1 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:02:33, Ethernet0/2<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.2.2.2 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:02:27, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4.4.4 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:02:27, Ethernet0/2<br/>O E2 192.168.24.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.13.1, 00:02:27, Ethernet0/2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>O E2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.5.5.5 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5, 00:02:33, Ethernet0/3<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/3<br/>r3#<br/><br/><br/>r4#<br/>r4#<br/>r4#show ip route<br/>Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route<br/><br/>Gateway of last resort is 192.168.24.2 to network 0.0.0.0<br/><br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.12.0/24 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.1.1.1 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/1<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0<br/>C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1<br/>R*&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.0.0.0/0 [120/8] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1<br/>r4#<br/>r4#<br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=nssa" rel="tag">nssa</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=area" rel="tag">area</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=lsa" rel="tag">lsa</a>
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</description>
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<link>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?157</link>
<title><![CDATA[OSPF理论童话版]]></title> 
<author>canlei &lt;can-lei@hotmail.com&gt;</author>
<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2008 23:35:22 +0000</pubDate> 
<guid>http://www.canlei.com/read.php?157</guid> 
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	可以把整个网络（一个自治系统AS）看成一个王国，这个王国可以分成几个区(area)，每个区由若干条街道（链路）组成，每条街道上住着很多人家（路由器操作系统），每户人家对着不同的方向，可能开不同的门（接口），每个人对着的街道都是不同的，家里着人（OSPF路由程序），当然，1户人家里住多个人也是允许的（多个进程）。有些街道只能住2户人家（点到点），有些街道能住多户人家（广播），有些街道可以住多户人家，但是各自之间必需在街道之下挖通道（VC）到达（NBMA）。王国所有的街道都是封闭的，要到其他街道，要穿过不同户人家的门，这个王国的人靠为游客指路营生，现在我们来看看区域内的某一个人(你所在的机器root)是怎样得到一张世界地图(routingtable)的。<br/><br/>　　首先，你得对着你家的任何一个门口对着的任何一个街道上面住的任何人建立联系，跟你周围的人（同一网段如129.102）建立基本联系。你大叫一声“我在这！”(发HELLO报文),于是，周围的人知道你的存在，他们也会大叫，这样你知道周围大概有哪些人，你与他们之间建立了邻居(neighbor)关系，当然，他们之间也有邻居关系。　　在你们这一群人中，最有威望(Priority优先级)的人会被推荐为首领（DesignatedRouter），如果街道上只有你一个人，你可以自己做首领，后面来的人，即使威望比你高很多，也没有办法剥夺你的位置，当然你可以让他做副首领( BDR)。首领与你之间是上下级关系(adjacency邻接)，它会与你建立单线联系，而不许你与其它邻居有过多交往，他会说：“那样做的话，街上太挤了”。因为你家可能有多个门口，对着多个街道，你可以同时成为多个街道的首领，或者其中某一个街道的首领，当然也可能搞不好，你一个首领的缺都捞不着。其实你和首领的关系，相当是平等的，因为首领要依靠你来获得你家后门对着的街道信息。<br/><br/>　　当然，你也要知道街道全部邻居的后门到底通到哪个街道，只好通过首领来知道更多的消息了，首先，你们互通消息，他告诉你他知道的所有街道的地名，你也会告诉他你现知道的地名，当然上也许只有你一个点。(DatabaseDescription数据库描述报文)<br/><br/>　　因为你家后门的信息，前门街道的首领不知道，而你家前门邻居的后门的信息，你需通过首领知道，因此你要告诉首领你知道什么，首领也要告诉你他知道什么。<br/><br/>你发现街道地名表中有你缺少的或比你新的东西，你会问他要一份更详细的资料（链路状态），他发现你的地名表中有他需要的东西，他也会向你索求新资料。(LinkStateRequest连接状态请求报文)<br/><br/>　　当然，你们毫不犹豫地将一份详细资料发送给对方。(LinkStateUpdate连接状态升级报文)。<br/><br/>因为所有的邻居都要把各自对着的街道信息汇总到首领，而且任何一个邻居都能从首领处获得全部信息，因此不管你在哪个街道，你都能获得100%相同的完全的每户人家的信息，他们家有多少个门，即对应对着的街道名称，甚至户主的名字（RouterID）。<br/><br/>　　收到街道信息后后，互相致谢表示收到了。(LinkStateAck连接状态响应报文)<br/><br/>　　现在，你已经获得很多街道的信息了，虽然这些信息都是单独的，但是已经足够根据这些信息组合，绘制地图了，你建立一份地图（LinkStateDataBase连接状态数据库），你去查找地图把到所有地方的路挑一条最近（shortestpath最短路）的，记为一张表格（routingtable路由表），说白了，这张表就是用来告诉游客（单播数据包），往哪个街道去，下一步要往自家哪个门口出去，然后找到对应街道的哪个邻居的门口。接下来怎么走，这个表格里是没有的，不用担心，因为邻居也会有1张表格，会告诉游客下一步怎么走的。当然以后查这份表格就知道到目的地的一条最近的路了。地图也要收好，万一表格上的某条路不通了可以通过图去找一条新的路，街道要烧毁了（链路down），或者哪家不干导游了（OSPF进程关闭），都得重新设计路径。 你只是依靠首领获得他管辖街道的其他邻居的信息，但首领很可能要靠你来获得外面的信息。比如说，首领家只开了1个门，你家后门几个，后门之后的街道信息，首领就都得靠你来获得了。　　<br/><br/>因此那些家里开了多个门口，属于多个街道的人家，他们要把所有信息向所有街道汇报，（他不是首领的情况下）要么是向对应每个街道的首领汇报，首领再告诉其他人；（他是首领的情况下）要么是其他人向他汇报，他再通告给所有邻居。强调一点，他属于多个街道，因此可以在这个街道当首领，而在另外一个街道不是，但不管怎么样，不同的人家在获得信息上，只仅仅是获得1手信息，还是2手信息的差别而已，但信息本身则是一样的，每户人家只允许修改自家的信息，别家的信息只能原封不动通告出去。所有人最终获得的信息的量也都是一致的。<br/><br/>通过不停地交换信息，因为信息的内容是一样的，根据相同的信息绘制的地图，也都是一样的，现在，整个区的人都有同样的地图了，国王划定其中1个为CBD区域（骨干区域0），所有其他区域都要求很CBD连接在一起，CBD区域一般和所有区域都有连接，因此住在CBD区边境上的人义不容辞地把这个区的地图（精确到每一户人家）发送到别的区，把别的区信息发送进来。国王会把这些边境的人命名为骨干（ABR）。通过骨干人士的不懈努力，现在，整个国家的地图你都了解得一清二楚了。　　在某些人家的家里，有地下室，住着外国人（其他路由进程），这屋里的人，有些人“里通外国”（ASBoundaryRouter自治系统边界路由器,这些人家地下室有通道，这些通道连接着外国的街道。屋里人通过与外国人交流（重发布）知道他们国家的地图和“出国”(ASExternalroute自治系统外部路由)的路，当然他们会把这些秘密公之与众（import引入），通过信息的传递，现在，你已经有一张完整的“世界地图”了。　　OSPF是这样标记最短的路的：对于某个目的地，首先，考虑是否有同一区内部到目的地的路（intraarea区域内），如果有，则在其中取一条离你最近的（花费最小），写进你的表格中,这个目的地可能是到本群体某个人也可能是到其他群体的，对于经过其他区域的路由，你会不予考虑，跟自己人（同区域）打交道总比与外人（其他区域）打交道好；如果没有本区的路，你只好通过别的区域了（区域间），国王为繁荣经济，要求非CDB区域的人去往其他非CBD区域，必需经过CBD区域，因此即使你要去的街道就在你隔壁邻居的后门连接着，但是你还是得兜一大圈去CBD再想法子到达（次优路径选择）。如果你是在CBD区域，那稍为简单些，你只要在地图上找最近的就是了；如果你的区域没有和CBD连接，那么门都没有，你永远离开不了本区域，除非，按照国王的意愿，你在地下挖条隧道（virtual-link）连接到CBD区域边界的人家里。<br/><br/>如果你发现目的地在国外，而且出口就在你家邻居的地下室通道，你直接就可以走了，去外国的话，允许不经过CBD，国外的街道，你是只知道名称，不知道他们每户人家的信息，你也只能先把它标记到你的表格上，期待什么时候王国扩张到那，你就可以把它标记到国内地图上了。<br/><br/>Tags - <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=ospf" rel="tag">ospf</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=cbd" rel="tag">cbd</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E5%25B9%25B2" rel="tag">骨干</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E5%258C%25BA%25E5%259F%259F" rel="tag">区域</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%25B3%25BB%25E7%25BB%259F" rel="tag">自治系统</a> , <a href="http://www.canlei.com/tag.php?tag=abr" rel="tag">abr</a>
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